موقع سماحة السيد محمد علي الحسيني

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 The Successor and the Imam after the Prophet of Allah (p.b.h) 
 
الكتاب : The Followers of Ahlul Bayt (P.b), the Shi'a, the Ja'fari   ||   القسم : English books   ||   القرّاء : 2643
 

History , traditions and mind tell us that Imamate after the Prophet was one of the most important things which never slipped  from the prophet’s memory nor his followers mind.

In the third year of the Prophet’s mission and when the verse ( And warn your nearest relations )[38] has been revealed , the Holy Prophet assigned the guardian after him , and His caliph . One day , He called His relatives to join Islam  and said :

O sons of Abdul Muttalib ! I never heard about any Arabian guy , who brought his kin anything better than me . I brought you the welfare of the present life and the hereafter. And Allah the Almighty commanded me to call you for it , so who is going to help me to carry out this message and be my brother , my testamentary guardian , and my caliph among you? Nobody answered,  but Ali bin Abi Talib said : I will be your supporter . Then the Holy Prophet hold Ali’s neck and said : This is my brother and my guardian and my caliph among you , so you should hear and obey him. 

Lets see the verses of the Holy Qur'an that witness Ali’s Imamate and position: 

Allah the Almighty said : ( Only Allah is you Wali and His apostle and those who believe , those who keep up prayers and pay the poor rate while they bow ) [39]

The whole Islamic nation had agreed that ,Ali Bin Abitalib, is the person who is meant by this  holy verse , it shows frankly that the great Imamate belongs to Ali (p.b)

Allah the Almighty said : ( O Apostle ! deliver what has been revealed to you from your Lord , and if you do it not , then you have not delivered His message , And Allah will protect you from the people ; Surly Allah will not guide the unbelieving people )[40]

This verse has been revealed to show the merit of Ali bi Abitalib ( p.b) .

Allah the Almighty said : ( Forbidden to you is that which dies of itself , and blood , and flesh of swine , and that on which any other name that that of Allah has been invoked and the strangled (animals ) and that beaten to death , and that killed by a fall and that killed by being smitten with the horn and that which wild beast have eaten , except what you slaughter , and what is sacrificed on stones set up (foridols ) and that you divide by the arrows ; that is a transgression . This day have those who disbelieve despaired of your religion , so fear them not , and fear Me . This day have I perfected for you your religion and completed My favor on you and chosen for you Islam as a religion , nut whoever compelled by hunger , not inclining will fully to sin , then surly Allah is Forgiving Merciful)[41]

This holy verse has been revealed to perfect the mission and to complete the blessing with the guardian of Amirul Mu’minin ( P.b.h) .

Allah the Almighty said : (And stay in your houses and do not display your finery like the displaying of the ignorance of yore ; and keep up prayer ; and pay the poor- rate , and obey Allah and His Apostle . Allah only desires to keep away the uncleanness from you , O people of the house ! And to purify you a (thorough ) purifying )[42]

This holy verse shows the infallibility and the purity of Ahlul- bayt (p.b) .

From the beginning of the mission the traditions and Sunna (of the Prophet) have explained , referred , and assigned the guardian and the caliph after the prophet of Allah (p.b.h) repeatedly.

Here we mention some of them :

The Tabook raid:
It is reported in Sehihul Bukhari , Muslim , Musnad Ahmad , Al Turmidi and Ibin Majah : that the Prophet of Allah (p.b.h) has said to Ali (p.b) :

( Your standing to me is as same as Aaron's to Moses , except that there should be no prophet after me . )

Many traditions have been reported about Ahlul-bayt in general , and no doubt these traditions included the first of them and their master  Ali Bin Abitalib (p.b.h) . Reported from the prophet of Allah (p.b.h) the following :

Hadith Assafinah (the tradition of the ship) :
 
The example of my family among you is like  the ship of the Prophet Nuh (p.b) among his people , whoever rides the ship he is saved, and whoever lingered, he is drowned .

Hadith Al-Aman:
 
“ The stars secures the inhibiters of Earth from drowning ,and my descendants secure them from disagreement , so any tribe disagrees  with them , is going to be with the devil’s followers   ”

Hadith Al-Thaqlain :
 
The Holy Prophet spoke to the Islamic nation , saying :

“ I am leaving Thaqlain (the two weighty things ) among you ,they are the Book of Allah and my descendants , as long as you hold fast on them, your never get lost . They never break up till they come to me at the fountain  ”

Till this point we have explained in general the guardian , the position , and the merit of Amirul Mu’minin Ali and his progeny (p.b)  .

Now take a look to the command of Allah and listen to the call of the Prophet (p.b.h), that he sent to the remote and close Muslims from a place named (Gadir Khum ) in Al – Juhfah region , when the prophet of Allah ( p.b.h ) stopped to perform prayer of noon ,  then he made a speech , first he praised Allah the Almighty , reminded people and preached them then  said : “ I am close to death , and I am going to be questioned and you are going to be questioned  , then what are you going to say? ”

They said : ( We are going to say ;We testify that, you've done the mission in the best way ,so  Allah bless you )

He (p.b.h)said :

( Don’t you witness that, there is no God but Allah , and Muhammad is His servant and His messenger , and The Paradise is truth and The Fire is truth  ?)

They said : We do witness so .

He said :

( O my God witness . Then he said : Don’t you hear ? )

They said : Yes we do .

He said : ( O people ! I am going to depart you , but we are going to at the fountain, which it’s wide  is about the distance between Busra and Safa , where you find silver cups as many as the stars , then I am going to ask you about Thaqlain (the two weighty things  ) so , how are you going to deal with them after me?  )

Somebody shouted : O prophet of Allah , what is the Thaqlan?

He said (p.b) : ( The Book of Allah , which has two ends,  one end at Allah’s hand  and the second one at yours , so hold fast on it in order not to get lost and not change . The second thing is my progeny . My Lord has told me that they shall not separate till they meet  me on the Divine Pool . So don’t precede them and don’t linger after them in order not to be perished. And don’t teach them since they are knower than you.)

Then He said (p.b) : Don’t you know that I have guardianship upon the believers more than they have upon themselves?

They said : O Prophet of Allah , yes we know. 

Then he grasped the arm of Ali Bin Abi Talib and lifted it till people could see the whiteness of their armpits , then he said :

( O people , whoever I was his master, this is , Ali , should be his master . O Allah ! Accede to whomever accedes to him , and oppose whomever opposes him and give victory to whomever supports him and disappoint whomever disappoints him.)

Then he said : “ O Allah witness .”

Soon and before they separated - the Prophet and Ali (p.h) - the following Holy verse has been revealed:

(This day have I perfected for you your religion and completed My favor on you and chosen for you Islam as a religion and compelled by hunger , not inclining willfully to the sin , then surly Allah is Forgiving , Merciful   )[43]

Then the Prophet of Allah (p.b.h) said :

( Glory to Allah , for completing the mission , perfecting the blessing , and for the Lord acceptance to my mission and to Ali’s guardian.)

This is a recurrent narration , it has been narrated by the Companions of the Prophet , Tabe’in[44] and  the Hadith scholars. This narration has been reported by (110) of the Companions of the Prophet, and by (89) of Tabe’in  and (3500) of scholars and narrators . so there is no way to suspect the truth of this narration. As to the content of the narration , it is so clear for those who look for the truth , it refers to the guardianship of Imam Ali (p.b) by the command of Allah , and the statement of the seal of the prophets (p.b.h) which says Ali is the successor (Caliph ) of the Prophet of Allah (p.b.h) and the Imam of Muslims.

The Imam's Duties 
We have already mentioned in the beginning of this research that Imam is the Prophet’s successor which shoulders all duties of the Prophet except receiving the inspiration. And here we mention the most important functions of Imam to show the position and the significance of Imamate :

Explaining the conceptions  of Qur'an and solving its mysteries . The thing which considers the most important function of the Prophet ( p.b.h) that Qur'an refers to   in the following verse : ( With clear arguments and scriptures ; and We have revealed to you the Reminder that you make clear to men what has been revealed to them , and that haply they may reflect )[45]

Explaining the rules and the Islamic laws (Sharia)  , was one of  the Prophet’s functions, and Imam was explaining these laws either through reciting the verses that contain the laws or through the Prophet Narrations ( Sunna of the Prophet ).

Since the Prophet was the axis of right, and His directions prevent any deviation in the creeds of  Ummah ( people ) , Imam also shoulders this task after Him.

Administrating  justice , security in the Islamic community and this is also a common function of Imam (p.b) and the Prophet (p.b.h)

Keeping the Islamic wealth and borders from enemies . Imam like the Prophet is responsible for doing such matter.

How to Know the Imam
 
Imam could be known by two ways:

The declaring of the Prophet (p.b.h) that assigns a certain person as Imam. And that what exactly happened in Ghadir Khum , when the Prophet (p.b.h) assigned Imam Ali ( p.b ) as Imam after Him , and the assigning of the Prophet is assigning of Allah because off all the Prophet’s acts are resulting from the inspiration as shown in the Book of Allah: ( Nor does he speak out of desire, It is naught but Revelation that is revealed)[46]

And our duty is to obey and to follow what He says: ( Whatever Allah has restored to His apostle , and for the near of kin and the orphans and the needy and the wayfarer , so that it may not be a thing taken by turns among the rich of you and whatever the Apostle gives , accept it , and from whatever he forbids you , keep back and be careful of (your duty to ) Allah ; surly Allah is severe in retributing (evil ) )[47]

The second way is the declaring of an infallible Imam - like Imam Ali (p.b)  - when he stated on the following Imam.


[38]  Shu ara’ 214
[39]  Ma edah 55
[40]  Ma edah 67
[41]  Ma edah 3
[42]  Ahzab 33
[43]  Ma'edah 3
[44]  (whoever saw the Companions of the Prophet)
[45]  Nahl 44
[46]  Najem 3-4
[47]  Hashr 7



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